National research and education network
A national research and education network (NREN) is a specialised internet service provider dedicated to supporting the needs of the research and education communities within a country.
It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed backbone network, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects.
In recent years, with the widespread availability of high-speed internet services, their importance has diminished, although many NRENs have expanded their remit of services to include areas such as trust and identity, security, automation, and cloud offerings.[1]
List of NRENs by geographic area
East and Southern Africa
- UbuntuNet Alliance for Research and Education Networking - the Alliance of NRENs of East and Southern Africa
- Eb@le - DRC NREN
- EthERNet - Ethiopian NREN
- iRENALA - Malagasy NREN
- KENET - Kenyan NREN
- MAREN - Malawian NREN
- MoRENet - Mozambican NREN
- RENU - Ugandan NREN
- RwEdNet - Rwanda NREN
- SomaliREN - Somali NREN
- SudREN - Sudanese NREN
- TENET/SANReN - South African NREN
- TERNET - Tanzanian NREN
- Xnet - Namibian NREN
- ZAMREN - Zambian NREN
North Africa
- ASREN Archived 2018-02-20 at the Wayback Machine - Arab States Research and Education Network
- TUREN - Tunisian NREN
- MARWAN - Moroccan NREN
- ENREN - Egyptian NREN
- ARN (Algeria) Archived 2022-12-28 at the Wayback Machine - Algerian NREN
- SudREN - Sudanese NREN
- SomaliREN - Somali NREN
West and Central Africa
- WACREN - West and Central African Research and Education Network
- GARNET - Ghanaian NREN
- TogoRER - Togolese NREN
- GhREN - Ghanaian NREN
- MaliREN - Mali NREN
- Niger-REN - Nigerien NREN
- RITER - Côte d'Ivoire NREN
- SnRER - Senegalese NREN
- NgREN - Nigerian NREN
- Eko-Konnect Research and Education Network - Nigerian NREN
- LRREN - Liberia Research and Education Network
Asia Pacific
- APAN - Asia-Pacific Advanced Network
- AARNet - Australian NREN
- AfgREN - Afghanistan NREN
- BDREN - Bangladeshi NREN
- DrukREN - Druk REN
- CSTNET - China Science and Technology Network
- CERNET - China Education and Research Network
- ERNET - Indian NREN
- HARNET - Hong Kong NREN
- KOREN - Korean NREN
- KREONET- Korean NREN
- IDREN - Indonesian NREN
- LEARN - Sri Lankan NREN
- SINET - Japanese NREN
- MYREN - Malaysian NREN
- NKN - Indian NREN
- NREN - Nepal NREN
- NREN Archived 2018-07-20 at the Wayback Machine - Islamic Republic of Iran NREN
- REANNZ - New Zealand NREN
- PERN - Pakistani NREN
- PREGINET - Philippine NREN
- SingAREN - Singaporean NREN
- TWAREN - Taiwanese NREN
- UniNet - Thai NREN
- VinaRen - Vietnamese NREN
- CamREN Archived 2015-09-20 at the Wayback Machine- Cambodia NREN
- TEIN - Trans Eurasia Information Network
North America
- United States – although advocated since the 1980s,[2] the U.S. does not have one single NREN.
Name Type Internet2 national National LambdaRail national [closed] vBNS national [closed] Edge state (New Jersey) ESnet national NEREN regional (New England) CAAREN regional (Washington metropolitan area) CENIC state (California) CEN state (Connecticut) NEREN regional (Midwest) Illinois Century Network state (Illinois) KanREN state (Kansas) LEARN state (Texas) [3] Merit Network state (Michigan) NERO state (Oregon) NCREN state (North Carolina) NYSERNet state (New York) OARnet state (Ohio) OneNet state (Oklahoma) OSHEAN state (Rhode Island) PennREN state (Pennsylvania) THEnet state (Texas) [4] UEN state (Utah) WVNET state (West Virginia) WiscNet state (Wisconsin)
- Canada
Name Type CANARIE national ACORN-NL provincial (Newfoundland and Labrador) ACORN-NS provincial (Nova Scotia) BCNET provincial (British Columbia) Cybera provincial (Alberta) GTAnet provincial (Ontario) ECN provincial (New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island) MRnet provincial (Manitoba) [5] ORION provincial (Ontario) RISQ provincial (Quebec) SRNet provincial (Saskatchewan)
Latin America
- RedCLARA - Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas (Association of Latin American NRENs)
- Innova-Red - Argentinian NREN
- ADSIB - Bolivian NREN
- RNP - Brazilian NREN
- REUNA - Chilean NREN
- RENATA - Colombian NREN
- RedCONARE - Costa Rican NREN
- CEDIA - Ecuadorian NREN
- RAICES - El Salvadoran NREN
- RAGIE - Guatemalan NREN
- Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana (UNITEC) - Honduran NREN
- CUDI - Mexican NREN
- RENIA - Nicaraguan NREN
- RedCyT - Panamanian NREN
- Arandu - Paraguayan NREN
- RAAP - Peruvian NREN
- RAU - Uruguayan NREN
- REACCIUN CNTI?- Venezuelan NREN
Caribbean
- C@ribNET - Caribbean NREN
- TTRENT - Trinidad and Tobago NREN
- JREN - Jamaica NREN
- RADEI - NREN of the Dominican Republic
Europe
- European Academic and Research Network - Predecessor of TERENA after merging with RARE
- GÉANT - Develops and maintains the GÉANT backbone network on behalf of European NRENs. Formerly DANTE and TERENA.
- CEENet - Central and Eastern European Research Networking Association [7]
- Eumedconnect - South Mediterranean Backbone
- ANA Albanian NREN
- ASNET-AM - Armenian NREN
- ACOnet - Austrian NREN
- AzScienceNet Azerbaijan NREN
- BASNET - Belarus NREN
- Belnet - Belgian NREN
- BREN - Bulgarian NREN
- CESNET - Czech NREN
- CARNET - Croatian NREN
- CYNET - Cypriot NREN
- SURF - Dutch NREN
- EENet - Estonian NREN
- RENATER - French NREN
- Deutsches Forschungsnetz (DFN) - German NREN
- GRENA - Georgian NREN
- GRNET - Greek NREN
- Pro-M/NIIF Program - Hungarian NREN
- HEAnet - Irish NREN
- GARR - Italian NREN
- KazRENA - Kazakhstan NREN
- SigmaNet - Latvian NREN
- LITNET - Lithuanian NREN
- RESTENA - Luxembourg NREN
- MARNET - Macedonian NREN
- RiċerkaNet - Maltese NREN
- RENAM - Moldovian NREN
- MREN - Montenegro NREN
- SURF - Netherlands NREN (formerly SURFnet)
- PIONIER (PSNC) - Polish NREN
- FCCN - Portuguese NREN
- RoEduNet - Romanian NREN
- RUNNet - Russian NREN
- AMRES - Serbian NREN
- ARNES - Slovenian NREN
- SANET - Slovakian NREN
- RedIRIS - Spanish NREN
- SWITCH - Swiss NREN
- ULAKBIM - Turkish NREN
- URAN - Ukrainian NREN
- Jisc - United Kingdom NREN, operator of the Janet network
- KREN - Kosovo NREN
Nordic countries
- NORDUnet - Nordic backbone network
Middle East
- Maeen Saudi Arabia NREN
- Eumedconnect - Mediterranean/North African Backbone
- ANKABUT UAE NREN
- OMREN Omani NREN
- IUCC - Israeli NREN
- JUnet Jordanian NREN
- IRAN SHOA Iranian NREN
- PALNREN Palestinian NREN
- Lebanon
- Birzeit Uni/AlQuds Palestinian Authority
- QNREN - Qatar NREN
- HIAST Syrian NREN
Central Asia
- RUNNet - Russian University Network, Russian NREN
- ASNET-AM - Armenian
- AzScienceNet Azerbaijan NREN
- GRENA - Georgian NREN
- KazRENA - Kazakhstan NREN
- KRENA - Kyrgyzian NREN
- TuRENA - Turkmenistan NREN
- UZSCINET - Uzbekistan NREN
See also
- Information superhighway
- Libraries and the US National Research and Education Network
References
- ^ "GÉANT Services". 2025-04-08.
- ^ National Research Council (U.S.). National Research Network Review Committee, Leonard Kleinrock; et al. (1988). Toward a National Research Network. National Academies. ISBN 9780309581257.
- ^ "LEARN: Lonestar Education and Research Network". Tx-learn.org. 2022-09-30. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
- ^ "The Higher Education Network". www.the.net.
- ^ "MRnet Manitoba Research Network - Enhancing Education and Research Through Advanced High Speed Optical Networks". Mrnet.mb.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
- ^ "New High-speed Fibre Optic Data Link to ALMA". www.eso.org. European Southern Observatory. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
- ^ "CEENet - Central and Eastern European Networking Associations". 2012-04-03. Archived from the original on 2012-04-03. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
- ^ "Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research".