List of Polish mathematicians
A list of notable Polish mathematicians:
Name | Image | Born | Died |
---|---|---|---|
Bruno Abakanowicz ![]() | ![]() | 6 Oct 1852 Ukmergė | 29 Aug 1900 Paris |
Kazimierz Abramowicz ![]() | ![]() | 4 Mar 1889[1][2] Brzeziny | 10 Sep 1936[1][2] Poznań |
Andrzej Alexiewicz ![]() | ![]() | 11 Feb 1917[3] Lviv | 11 Jul 1995[3] Poznań |
Krzysztof R. Apt ![]() | 1949 Katowice | ||
Nachman Aronszajn ![]() | 26 Jul 1907[4] Warsaw | 5 Feb 1980[4] Corvallis | |
Tytus Babczyński ![]() | ![]() | 1830[5][1][2] Warsaw | 1910[5][1][2] |
Stefan Banach ![]() | ![]() | 30 Mar 1892[6][7][4] Kraków[6][8] | 31 Aug 1945[6][8][9] Lviv[6][8][10] |
Tadeusz Banachiewicz ![]() | ![]() | 13 Feb 1882[11][12][4] Warsaw[11] | 17 Nov 1954[11][12][4] Kraków[12] |
Feliks Barański ![]() | May 1915 Lviv | 2006[1][2] Kraków | |
Kazimierz Bartel ![]() | ![]() | 3 Mar 1882[13][14][15] Lviv[13] | 26 Jul 1941[13][14][16] Lviv[13] |
Tomek Bartoszyński ![]() | ![]() | 16 May 1957 Warsaw | |
Andrzej Białynicki-Birula ![]() | 26 Dec 1935 Navahrudak | 19 Apr 2021[17] | |
Mieczysław Biernacki ![]() | 30 Mar 1891[18] Lublin | 21 Nov 1959[18] Lublin | |
Karol Borsuk ![]() | ![]() | 8 May 1905[19][20][21] Warsaw[19][21] | 24 Jan 1982[19][20][21] Warsaw[19] |
Jerzy Browkin ![]() | ![]() | 5 Nov 1934 Lukiv | 23 Nov 2015 Warsaw |
Jan Brożek ![]() | ![]() | 1 Nov 1585 Kurzelów | 21 Nov 1652 Bronowice Małe, Kraków |
Albert Brudzewski ![]() | ![]() | 1445[1][22] Kalisz, Brudzew | 1497[1][22] Vilnius |
Leon Chwistek ![]() | ![]() | 13 Jun 1884[23][24][25] Kraków[25] | 20 Aug 1944[25][23][15] Barvikha[26][27], Barvikha |
Zbigniew Ciesielski ![]() | ![]() | 1 Oct 1934[28] Gdańsk[28] | 5 Oct 2020 Sopot |
Kazimierz Cwojdziński ![]() | 8 Jan 1878 Plewiska | 12 Aug 1948 Poznań | |
Adam Danielewicz ![]() | ![]() | 23 Dec 1846 Koźminek | 25 Jun 1935 Warsaw |
Ryszard Engelking ![]() | ![]() | 16 Nov 1935 Sosnowiec | 16 Nov 2023 Warsaw |
Tadeusz Figiel ![]() | ![]() | 2 Jul 1948 Gdańsk | |
Kajetan Garbiński ![]() | ![]() | 1796[29][1][2] Warsaw | 1847[1][2] Warsaw |
Stanisław Gołąb ![]() | 26 Jul 1902[30][31][32] Travnik[30] | 30 Apr 1980[30] Kraków[30] | |
Stanisław Grzepski ![]() | 1524[5][1][33], 1524 | 1570[5][1][33] Kraków | |
Edward Jan Habich ![]() | ![]() | 31 Jan 1835 Warsaw | 31 Oct 1909 Lima |
Witold Hurewicz ![]() | 29 Jun 1904[34][35][4] Łódź[36] | 6 Sep 1956[34][35][4] Mérida[35][37] | |
Henryk Iwaniec ![]() | 9 Oct 1947[38] Elbląg | ||
Tadeusz Iwaniec ![]() | 9 Oct 1947 Elbląg | ||
Zygmunt Janiszewski ![]() | ![]() | 12 Jun 1888[39][40] Warsaw[41] | 3 Jan 1920[41][39] Lviv[41] |
Stanisław Jaśkowski ![]() | 22 Apr 1906 Warsaw | 16 Nov 1965 Warsaw | |
Mark Kac ![]() | ![]() | 3 Aug 1914[42][43][44] Kremenets[43] | 25 Oct 1984[45][46][47] Los Angeles[45][48] |
Stefan Kaczmarz ![]() | ![]() | 20 Mar 1895[49] Sambir | Sep 1939[50][1][2] Poland[49] |
Andrzej Kapiszewski ![]() | 8 Sep 1948 Kraków | 5 May 2007 Kraków | |
Marek Karpinski ![]() | ![]() | 25 Mar 1948 | |
Dawid Kielak ![]() | |||
Bronisław Knaster ![]() | ![]() | 22 May 1893 Warsaw | 3 Nov 1980 Wrocław[51] |
Adam Adamandy Kochański ![]() | 5 Aug 1631 Dobrzyń nad Wisłą | 17 May 1700 Teplice | |
Sławomir Kołodziej ![]() | 12 Mar 1961 Bielsko-Biała | ||
Stanisław Krajewski ![]() | ![]() | 1950[52][1][53] Warsaw | |
Anna Zofia Krygowska ![]() | 19 Sep 1904 Lviv | 16 May 1988 Kraków | |
Zdzisław Krygowski ![]() | 22 Dec 1872[16] Lviv | 10 Aug 1955[16] Poznań | |
Adrian Krzyżanowski ![]() | ![]() | 8 Sep 1788, 7 Sep 1788[54] Dębowo[54] | 21 Aug 1852[54] Warsaw[54] |
Marek Kuczma ![]() | 10 Oct 1935[55][56] Katowice | 13 Jun 1991[55][56] Katowice | |
Krystyna Kuperberg ![]() | ![]() | 17 Jul 1944[57] Tarnów | |
Włodzimierz Kuperberg ![]() | 19 Jan 1941[58] | ||
Kazimierz Kuratowski ![]() | ![]() | 2 Feb 1896[59][60][61] Warsaw[59][8] | 18 Jun 1980[59][60][61] Warsaw[59] |
Irena Lasiecka ![]() | 4 Feb 1948[62] Warsaw | ||
Franciszek Leja ![]() | 27 Jan 1885[63] Grodzisko Górne | 11 Oct 1979[63] Kraków[63] | |
Mariusz Lemańczyk ![]() | 3 Feb 1958 Toruń | ||
Stanisław Leśniewski ![]() | ![]() | 30 Mar 1886[64][4][65] Serpukhov | 13 May 1939[64][4][65] Warsaw |
Marta Lewicka ![]() | 23 Nov 1972 Gdańsk | ||
Izabella Łaba ![]() | ![]() | 1966[1] | |
Stanisław Łojasiewicz ![]() | 9 Oct 1926[66][67] Warsaw[66] | 14 Nov 2002[66][67] Italy | |
Jerzy Łoś ![]() | ![]() | 22 Mar 1920[68][69][70] Lviv[68][69] | 1 Jun 1998[68][69][70] Warsaw[68] |
Tomasz Łuczak ![]() | 13 Mar 1963[71] Poznań | ||
Jan Łukasiewicz ![]() | ![]() | 21 Dec 1878[72][73][74] Lviv[72] | 13 Feb 1956[73][72][74] Dublin[72] |
Zbigniew Marciniak ![]() | 9 Apr 1952 Warsaw | ||
Józef Marcinkiewicz ![]() | ![]() | 30 Mar 1910[75][76] Cimoszka[76] | 1940[76][77][1] Kharkiv[78][79] |
Edward Marczewski ![]() | ![]() | 15 Nov 1907[80][81] Warsaw[80] | 17 Oct 1976[80][81] Wrocław[80] |
Stefan Mazurkiewicz ![]() | ![]() | 25 Sep 1888[82][83][84] Warsaw | 19 Jun 1945[82][83][84] Grodzisk Mazowiecki[84] |
Jan Mikusiński ![]() | 3 Apr 1913[85][86] Ivano-Frankivsk[86] | 27 Jul 1987[85][86] Katowice | |
Witold Milewski ![]() | 1817[2] Poznań | 1889[2] Poznań | |
Michał Misiurewicz ![]() | ![]() | 9 Nov 1948 Warsaw | |
Andrzej Mostowski ![]() | ![]() | 1 Nov 1913[87][88][89] Lviv[87] | 22 Aug 1975[87][88][89] Vancouver[87] |
Jan Mycielski ![]() | 7 Feb 1932 Wiśniowa | 18 Jan 2025[90] Boulder[90] | |
Edward Neuman ![]() | ![]() | 19 Sep 1943 Rydułtowy | |
Jerzy Neyman ![]() | ![]() | 16 Apr 1894[91][92][4] Bender | 5 Aug 1981[91][92][4] Oakland |
Otto M. Nikodym ![]() | ![]() | 13 Aug 1887[93][94] Zabolotiv[95] | 4 May 1974[93][94] Utica[93][95] |
Andrzej S. Nowak ![]() | ![]() | 29 Oct 1952 Żagań | |
Andrew M. Odlyzko ![]() | ![]() | 23 Jul 1949 Tarnów | |
Czesław Olech ![]() | ![]() | 22 May 1931[96][97][98] Pińczów[96] | 1 Jul 2015[97][98] Warsaw[97] |
Janusz Onyszkiewicz ![]() | ![]() | 18 Dec 1937 Lviv | |
Władysław Orlicz ![]() | ![]() | 24 May 1903[99][100][101] Okocim[99][101] | 9 Aug 1990[99][101] Poznań[99][101] |
Zdzisław Pawlak ![]() | ![]() | 10 Nov 1926[102] Łódź | 7 Apr 2006[102] Warsaw |
Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt ![]() | 30 Oct 1728[103] Salomienka | 8 Feb 1810 Daugavpils | |
Emil Leon Post ![]() | ![]() | 11 Feb 1897[104][105][4] Augustów[104] | 21 Apr 1954[104][105][4] New York City[104] |
Przemysław Prusinkiewicz ![]() | 1952[106][107][2] | ||
Józef Przytycki ![]() | ![]() | 14 Oct 1953[108] Warsaw | |
Stanisław Radziszowski ![]() | 7 Jun 1953 Gdańsk | ||
Maksym Radziwill ![]() | ![]() | 24 Feb 1988 Moscow | |
Aleksander Rajchman ![]() | ![]() | 13 Nov 1890[16] Warsaw | 7 Jun 1940[1][2][109] Sachsenhausen concentration camp[110] |
Jan Rajewski ![]() | 14 May 1857[16] | 1906[2] Lviv | |
Marian Rejewski ![]() | ![]() | 16 Aug 1905[111][112] Bydgoszcz[113] | 13 Feb 1980[113][112][16] Warsaw[113] |
Helena Rasiowa ![]() | 20 Jun 1917[114][115] Vienna | 9 Aug 1994[114][115] Warsaw | |
Jerzy Różycki ![]() | ![]() | 24 Jul 1909[16] Vilshana | 9 Jan 1942[16] Mediterranean Sea |
Jan Rusinek ![]() | ![]() | 2 Dec 1950 Kraków | |
Andrzej Piotr Ruszczyński ![]() | ![]() | 29 Jul 1951 Częstochowa | |
Czesław Ryll-Nardzewski ![]() | 7 Oct 1926 Vilnius | 18 Sep 2015 Wrocław | |
Stanisław Saks ![]() | ![]() | 30 Dec 1897[116][117][16] Kalisz | 23 Nov 1942[116][117][16] Warsaw |
Wojciech Samotij ![]() | ![]() | 1983 Wrocław | |
Juliusz Schauder ![]() | ![]() | 21 Sep 1899[118][16] Lviv | 1943[119][120][1] Lviv[119] |
Marcin Schroeder ![]() | ![]() | 10 Jan 1953 Wrocław | |
Wacław Sierpiński ![]() | ![]() | 14 Mar 1882 Warsaw[121] | 21 Oct 1969[121][122][123] Warsaw[10] |
Roman Sikorski ![]() | ![]() | 11 Jul 1920[124][125][126] Mszczonów | 12 Sep 1983[124][126][16] Warsaw |
Zdzisław Skupień ![]() | 27 Nov 1938 | 1 Jan 2025 | |
Agata Smoktunowicz ![]() | 12 Oct 1973 Warsaw | ||
Joachim Stegmann ![]() | 1595[127][1][16] Neuruppin | 1633[128][127][1] Cluj-Napoca | |
Hugo Steinhaus ![]() | ![]() | 14 Jan 1887[129][130][4] Jasło[129] | 25 Feb 1972[129][130][4] Wrocław[129] |
Włodzimierz Stożek ![]() | ![]() | 23 Jul 1883[131][16] Velyki Mosty[132] | 4 Jul 1941[131][16][132] Lviv[131][132] |
Zofia Szmydt ![]() | 29 Jul 1923 Warsaw | 26 Nov 2010 Warsaw | |
Władysław Ślebodziński ![]() | ![]() | 6 Feb 1884[133] Pysznica[133] | 3 Jan 1972[134] Wrocław |
Jan Śniadecki ![]() | ![]() | 29 Aug 1756[135][136][74] Żnin[137] | 9 Nov 1830[135][74][24], 21 Nov 1830[138] Jašiūnai |
Alfred Tarski ![]() | ![]() | 14 Jan 1901[139][140][141] Warsaw[139][142][143] | 26 Oct 1983[139][140][141] Berkeley[139] |
Nicole Tomczak-Jaegermann ![]() | ![]() | 8 Jun 1945 Paris | 17 Jun 2022 Edmonton[144] |
Andrzej Trybulec ![]() | ![]() | 29 Jan 1941 Kraków | 11 Sep 2013 Białystok |
Stanisław Trybuła ![]() | 2 Jan 1932 Rafalivka | 7 Jan 2008 Wrocław | |
Stanisław Ulam ![]() | ![]() | 13 Apr 1909[145][146] Lviv[147] | 13 May 1984[147][148][65] Santa Fe[147] |
Kazimierz Urbanik ![]() | ![]() | 5 Feb 1930[149][150] Kremenets[150] | 29 May 2005[149][150] Wrocław[150] |
Arnold Walfisz ![]() | ![]() | 2 Jul 1892[151] Warsaw | 29 May 1962[151] Tbilisi[151] |
Mieczysław Warmus ![]() | 1 Jun 1918 | 20 Sep 2007 Australia | |
Tadeusz Ważewski ![]() | ![]() | 24 Sep 1896[152][153] Horishnia Vyhnanka[154] | 5 Sep 1972[152][153] Rabka-Zdrój[152] |
Jan Węglarz ![]() | ![]() | 1947[155][2][156] Poznań[156] | |
Witold Wilkosz ![]() | ![]() | 14 Aug 1891[157] Kraków | 31 Mar 1941[157] Kraków |
Vitello ![]() | ![]() | 1230[5] | 1275[158][77][5] Abbaye de Vicogne[159] |
Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński ![]() | ![]() | 23 Aug 1776[160][161][162] Wolsztyn[163][8][164] | 9 Aug 1853[163][165] Paris[163][8][164] |
Ignacy Zaborowski ![]() | 2 Nov 1754 | 10 Jan 1803 Warsaw | |
Władysław Zajączkowski ![]() | 12 Apr 1837[166] Strzyżów[166] | 8 Oct 1898, 7 Oct 1898[166] Lviv[166] | |
Kazimierz Zarankiewicz ![]() | ![]() | 2 May 1902[167] Częstochowa | 5 Sep 1959[167] London[167] |
Stanisław Zaremba ![]() | ![]() | 3 Oct 1863[168][169][170] Romanivka | 23 Nov 1942[168][169][170] Kraków[168] |
Stanisław Krystyn Zaremba ![]() | 1903[171][1][2] Kraków[171] | 1990[171][1][2] Aberystwyth[171] | |
Olgierd Zienkiewicz ![]() | 18 May 1921[172][173][174] Caterham[174] | 2 Jan 2009[175][172][173] Swansea | |
Maciej Zworski ![]() | ![]() | 8 Oct 1963 Wrocław[176] | |
Henryk Zygalski ![]() | ![]() | 15 Jul 1908[177][16] Poznań | 30 Aug 1978[177][16] Liss[177] |
Antoni Zygmund ![]() | ![]() | 26 Dec 1900[178][179][180] Warsaw[181] | 30 May 1992[181][182][183] Chicago[181] |
Teofil Żebrawski ![]() | ![]() | 5 Apr 1800[184] Wojnicz[184] | 5 Feb 1887[184] Kraków[184] |
Kazimierz Żorawski ![]() | ![]() | 22 Jun 1866[185] Szczuki, Masovian Voivodeship | 23 Jan 1953[185] Warsaw |
Wawrzyniec Żmurko ![]() | ![]() | 9 Jul 1824 Yavoriv | 3 Apr 1889 Lviv |
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u NUKAT, Wikidata Q11789729
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p MAK (in Polish), Wikidata Q105192847
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Andrzej Alexiewicz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o SNAC, Wikidata Q29861311
- ^ a b c d e f CERL Thesaurus, Consortium of European Research Libraries, Wikidata Q60909659
- ^ a b c d GND 11865697X
- ^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Stefan Banach", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b c d e f Большая советская энциклопедия: [в 30 т.] (in Russian) (3rd ed.), Moscow: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1969, OCLC 14476314, Wikidata Q17378135
- ^ BnF 12281286s
- ^ a b Czech National Authority Database, Wikidata Q13550863
- ^ a b c GND 11604781X
- ^ a b c O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Tadeusz Banachiewicz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b c d GND 12348748X
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Kazimierz Bartel", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b Brockhaus Enzyklopädie (in German), OL 19088695W, Wikidata Q237227
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Internetowy Polski Słownik Biograficzny (in Polish), Wikidata Q96022943
- ^ https://www.mimuw.edu.pl/nie-zyje-prof-andrzej-szczepan-bialynicki-birula
- ^ a b BnF 12574018s
- ^ a b c d GND 1027621473
- ^ a b BnF 128599595
- ^ a b c O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Karol Borsuk", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b Archivio di Autorità del Museo Galileo (in Italian), Wikidata Q105263158
- ^ a b BnF 121193882
- ^ a b The Fine Art Archive, Wikidata Q107456632
- ^ a b c GND 118520784
- ^ http://data.bnf.fr/12119388/leon_chwistek/
- ^ http://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Chwistek-Leon;3886287.html
- ^ a b GND 108470032
- ^ GND 102503885
- ^ a b c d GND 13328333X
- ^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Stanisław Gołąb", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ BnF 128972289
- ^ a b Bibliografie dějin Českých zemí (in Czech), Wikidata Q63411600
- ^ a b BnF 12347779p
- ^ a b c O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Witold Hurewicz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1957-63-02/S0002-9904-1957-10101-3/S0002-9904-1957-10101-3.pdf
- ^ https://books.google.cat/books?id=hB73AwAAQBAJ
- ^ https://www.shawprize.org/prizes-and-laureates/mathematical-sciences/2015/autobiography-of-henryk-iwaniec
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Zygmunt Janiszewski", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ https://books.google.cat/books?id=4siw31DPONUC
- ^ a b c GND 132512610
- ^ BnF 12371385p
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Mark Kac", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ Biografisch Portaal, Wikidata Q1868372
- ^ a b Catalogus Professorum Academiae Rheno-Traiectinae, Wikidata Q23825128
- ^ Leidse Hoogleraren (in Dutch), Wikidata Q23667505
- ^ https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.2814542
- ^ https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2814542
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Stefan Kaczmarz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ International Standard Name Identifier, Wikidata Q423048
- ^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Bronisław Knaster", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ GND 133787850
- ^ AlKindi, Wikidata Q101207543
- ^ a b c d http://tnk.krakow.pl/czlonkowie/krzyzanowski-adrian/
- ^ a b GND 12711159X
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Marek Kuczma", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Krystyna Kuperberg", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ BnF 145464913
- ^ a b c d GND 107876779
- ^ a b BnF 122984371
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Kazimierz Kuratowski", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ GND 111374383
- ^ a b c GND 1036400891
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Stanisław Leśniewski", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b c Encyclopædia Britannica, Wikidata Q5375741
- ^ a b c GND 133630595
- ^ a b BnF 123550366
- ^ a b c d GND 11932427X
- ^ a b c O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Jerzy Łoś", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b BnF 16007839x
- ^ GND 139273158
- ^ a b c d GND 119268663
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Jan Łukasiewicz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b c d Internet Philosophy Ontology project, Wikidata Q6023365
- ^ GND 139273824
- ^ a b c O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Józef Marcinkiewicz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b LIBRIS, National Library of Sweden, Wikidata Q1798125
- ^ https://doi.org/10.4064/bc95-0-10
- ^ https://zsckrjanow.edu.pl/2020/03/33360/
- ^ a b c d GND 119514249
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Edward Marczewski", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b GND 1027675697
- ^ a b BnF 11208126j
- ^ a b c O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Stefan Mazurkiewicz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b GND 1035621681
- ^ a b c O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Jan Mikusiński", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b c d GND 118584510
- ^ a b BnF 128598754
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Andrzej Mostowski", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b https://www.dailycamera.com/obituaries/jan-mycielski/
- ^ a b BnF 122994614
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Jerzy Neyman", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b c GND 117717045
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Otto M. Nikodym", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b group of authors, Internetowa encyklopedia PWN (in Polish), Wikidata Q4041526
- ^ a b http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Olech.html
- ^ a b c O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Czesław Olech", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b BnF 121641917
- ^ a b c d GND 136914764
- ^ BnF 122104452
- ^ a b c d O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Władysław Orlicz", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Zdzisław Pawlak", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ https://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/marcin-poczobutt-h-pogonia-odmienna-wiesz
- ^ a b c d http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Post.html
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Emil Leon Post", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ GND 17231464X
- ^ CONOR.SI, Wikidata Q16744133
- ^ Library of Congress Authorities, Library of Congress, Wikidata Q13219454
- ^ https://ltu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1203827
- ^ https://ltu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1203827/FULLTEXT01.pdf
- ^ http://marianrejewski.pl/wp/biografia/
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Marian Rejewski", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b c GND 131832093
- ^ a b BnF 12859886s
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Helena Rasiowa", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Stanisław Saks", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b BnF 12859954f
- ^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Juliusz Schauder", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b GND 118794914
- ^ Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, Wikidata Q3294867
- ^ a b GND 117725420
- ^ BnF 12280524t
- ^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Wacław Sierpiński", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b GND 1035622769
- ^ BnF 12158114j
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Roman Sikorski", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b BnF 120783537
- ^ Post-Reformation Digital Library, Wikidata Q7233488
- ^ a b c d GND 119168995
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Hugo Steinhaus", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ a b c GND 1046075926
- ^ a b c various authors, Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 (in German), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Wikidata Q25666
- ^ a b Auschwitz Prisoners Database, Wikidata Q106652007
- ^ http://math.uni.wroc.pl/~s266522/slebodzinski.html
- ^ a b GND 119476215
- ^ BnF 123726267
- ^ http://tnk.krakow.pl/czlonkowie/sniadecki-jan/
- ^ "Sniadecki, Johann". Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich (in German). 35: 211. 1856. Wikidata Q90646598.
- ^ a b c d GND 118620851
- ^ a b BnF 120345968
- ^ a b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Alfred Tarski", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ https://history.computer.org/pioneers/tarski.html
- ^ http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb4d5nb20m&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00159&toc.depth=1&toc.id=
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